Welcome



Hello and welcome. This blog is meant to chronicle my journey into and through the never-ending and invigorating rollercoaster ride that is IT and computer networking. I intend to share with you the story of how I ended up on my IT path, as well as share tips and tricks that help me with certain concepts as I learn them. My hope is that I will encourage others who are receptive to the IT/Networking path to take the plunge as I did.

To start, I want to lay some groundwork on my career bio. I went to school and earned my bachelor degree in 3D animation and visual FX. Although I learned some very neat aspects of the 3D animation pipeline, I eventually realized after graduating that this was not the field I wanted to pursue. The Hollywood Visual FX industry is very difficult to break into, to the point where entry level positions that pay next to nothing were incredibly difficult to obtain, even with a degree. Mid-level positions were also nearly impossible to land for anyone not graduating top-of-the-class. Even some of the brightest and most talented students I went to school with were passed on by large studios left and right- not because of any shortcomings on the student's part, but because of the nature of the industry and the over-saturated applicant pool for what is a fairly "niche" market. Working in VFX can also be very unstable and geographically-limiting. When a show's season wraps up, when a movie project wraps up, contracts end. Geographically, Los Angeles and New York City are the two most logical cities that one in this field would find themselves in within the US. These caveats did not sit well with me and so I decided I needed a change.

Fast-forward 3 years. My foray into technology began with a recommendation from a good friend to apply to a large Internet Service Provider as a tech support agent. This was a call center position and because of the vast amount of verbal abuse endured by these call center agents (and because most of the systems being used were proprietary),  the company was more than willing to train agents from scratch who may not have had the most pertinent backgrounds in technology/networking.

This was the perfect opportunity for me. I was soon configuring various Small Office/Home Office routers to troubleshoot somewhat-basic networking issues. The calls would normally be in regards to slow speeds, unstable/intermittent connections, or a complete lack of connection. But occasionally, the issues would get quite a bit more complex. As I continued to be exposed to more and more networking issues and master the proprietary software our ISP developed for diagnostics, I began to go down the deep, seemingly bottomless rabbit hole of IT and networking. Calls ranged from older folks who could not figure out how to connect to their wifi to unexpected conference calls between myself and high-level network admins trying to figure out why their switches or routers could not reach the web or communicate to various subnetworks within their offices. Predicaments such as the latter were far beyond the scope of what my company expected or even wanted a Tier 1 agent (or really anyone there, regardless of tier) to be concerned with, but with every call, I gathered another little piece of the puzzle. Some ISPs draw their demarcation line (troubleshooting jurisdiction) at the router they provide, meaning that if their tests show no issues so far as their equipment, then anything on the other side is not their problem. However, certain other ISPs (and especially managed service providers) go far beyond that and after almost 3 years with my company, I knew that was the direction I had to pursue.

Soon enough, I outgrew my position and the company itself. I obtained my Comptia A+ certification and used this with my few years ISP experience to launch myself into a legitimate IT support role. I finally had the opportunity to troubleshoot Windows issues in an enterprise environment, an opportunity I had not had previously. Though we live in the internet age and have nearly-limitless opportunities to learn, there are certain troubleshooting experiences you can only come to encounter when you are supporting hundreds of end users across the country.

So that leaves us off where I am now, troubleshooting Windows 10 operating system and application issues and doing basic network troubleshooting with my new company. I am now Comptia Network+ certified as well. I tend to take baby steps in my certification path. Some had suggested I go for the CCNA at the time, but I did not feel ready. Upon my successful completion of the Network+, I immediately purchased a 3-switch,3-router Cisco lab with a thick lesson plan book from https://certificationkits.com . It's now official: I am embarking on my quest for the CCNA.

The Cisco journey begins


Most users tend to go with Cisco packet tracer, the free virtual lab software from Cisco which used to cost money but has now been generously made free by Cisco for all of us. I have nothing against virtual labs and do use Cisco Packet tracer occasionally for certain network scenarios, but I find I learn best on the physical equipment. For someone still learning to swim in the world of advanced networking, skills like putting together the mounting rack, attaching the devices and experimenting with physical ports and cables are invaluable. The fact that this setup cost me about $600 total also has me continually motivated to make the most out of what I have already spent. It works as a driving force to keep me focused.

With a virtual lab, I tend to get more easily distracted and put off learning with it. $600 might sound like a lot, but in the grand scheme of things it's nothing. Consider that a decent computer networking course at a decent community college is likely to span the course of a month or two and cost $1,000-$1,500. You've got a set amount of time to absorb the concepts and when it's over, you've got no equipment to use. Consider also that Networking bootcamp courses in general commonly cost several thousand dollars more than that. So now I've built my own classroom, get to go at my own pace, and I get to keep the equipment or sell it if/when I so feel the need. Add to this, that you can purchase courses from Udemy.com for $10-15 average that will introduce you to even more networking scenarios that you can now apply to your home lab. Though some will recommend purchasing everything separately from ebay, newegg, etc to save money, a complete all-in-one kit like this really makes things easier and will save you a bunch of time. I decided on a kit that fit my needs and it included three Cisco 1841 routers, three Cisco 2960 24-port switches, a bunch of crossover and straight-through (patch) cables, a console to serial cable (though I did have to buy a usb to serial adapter separately to utilize it. This could have been avoided if they instead provided a console to USB cable, but not a huge deal) and their lessons book that includes chapters on everything from RIPv2 routing to VLAN and Trunking setups, to name just a few. They also included a super helpful laminated CCNA Cram Sheet with a plethora of need-to-know concepts all plastered throughout the 3-page booklet. Also included is a small book on subnetting as well as IOS backup disc. I have even reached out to their support reps for help on certain lessons and could not believe how friendly and helpful they were in answering my questions. If you are motivated enough, I highly recommend checking them out.

Thus far, I have learned how to create a SSH (Secure Shell) line to my router, configured a VLAN across two different switches so that my 2 hosts/laptops could ping and communicate with one another, and configured one of my routers with double NAT, so that it can work in conjunction with my ISP router to reach the web. The latter was a lot more difficult than I expected, but only because it was a new venture for me. Learning the basics of the Cisco Command Line Interface also took some time.

Getting familiar with a Cisco enterprise router

If I didn't mention it before, I tended to skip around in the lessons I went through as it relates to my 1841 Router(s). It's crucial to first understand the Cisco Command Line Interface and the fact that commands you enter will only be recognized if they are entered in the correct user mode. Cisco themselves have provided a brief rundown that can help you get started: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/wan/mgx/mgx_8850/software/mgx_r3/rpm/rpm_r1-1/configuration/guide/appc.html

While I certainly picked up some skills and was able to get two of my Cisco 1841 routers to ping each other, something was still off. Although they could communicate with each other, I could not reach the web when plugging my laptop into Router 1. Surely, the end-goal of most routers is to connect subnetworks so that users can reach the internet, not just to be able to talk to other devices in the same location. I spent about a week scratching my head over this. I had a straight through cable running from a free port in my ISP router to my Cisco 1841 router. The port lit up green on the ISP router, the port lit up green on it's connecting port to my 1841 (FastEthernet Fe0/0), as I had made sure to enable the interface. Why could I still not reach the internet when plugging my laptop into port Fe0/1 on my 1841??

This is the part of my blog where I absolutely have to give a huge shoutout to the Cisco forum community. If you are serious about truly learning this stuff, you are going to run into issues that you may not be able to figure out, even with the help of Google.
I strongly suggest creating a free account with the Cisco community using the link below:
 https://community.cisco.com/t5/technology-and-support/ct-p/technology-support

The Cisco community was able to help me get my 1841 router to work in conjunction with my ISP router and fully connect to the internet (you can see that thread here for the exact commands that needed to be entered). Looking back, this should have been the first thing I figured out how to do. The main issue I was running into was that my ISP router had Network Address Translation set up (which is common for most ISP routers). A VERY in-depth guide to NAT can be found here: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/nat.htm , but just know that my ISP router has a public IP address unique to the entire world and a private IP address that is unique only to the other devices in my home. Because of the fact that NAT was already at play on the ISP router, this required double NATing to be set up via my 1841 router, meaning that yet another private IP address range/subnet (172.16.0.x in my case ) needed to be configured on the Fe0/1 port of which my host computer was plugged into. Fe0/0 needed only to be given an IP address within the already-present private range that my ISP router was giving out. My ISP router (the default gateway) has a private IP address of 192.168.1.1. Because it is directly connected to my 1841 router via Fe0/0, that Fe0/0 port needed only to be assigned the address of 192.168.1.2 to be linked to the default gateway/ISP router. And now, SUCCESS! My laptop plugged in to Fe0/1 can finally reach that little old thing known as the world wide web!

Immediately upon getting online with my home lab, I decided it was a good time to display all my configurations so that I could familiarize myself with what I now know to be the correct configurations to do so. This has helped me immensely in understanding how routers connect networks and in hindsight, should have been among the first things  learned. Below, I am going to show you several readouts of my Router config that will hopefully help you understand why it is configured the way it is and how it is reaching the web. I will also provide you with some command prompt information from my host laptop with hope that it will help solidify things further. I have included show running-config, show ip route, show ARP, as well as an ipconfig and a traceroute to google.com ran from my laptop connected to Fe0/1, just to help bring it all home. I've separated each by color to help make it easier to differentiate them. Click the link below to view the pdf of all readouts:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FNx7nJTLRjJeHAGw7QfMlWEPrsjMzXYm/view?usp=sharing

My golden rules for landing an IT Support/Helpdesk role and excelling from there



Greetings again, all!

I wanted to take a moment to pivot slightly from the InfoSec topics that I typically post about as of late to offer some tips for those just trying to break into a Helpdesk/IT Support role or move on from one. I sometimes lose focus of how many out there are still trying to just break into their first IT role. Here are some of my golden rules (suggestions really) that I have amassed over my roughly 5 years in IT:

1. I realize we're in a pandemic currently, but be open to working in person at the office and make sure you're proactive in letting employers know this if you're in the application/interviewing stage. In today's world, this will set you apart from the couch jockeys and help you build rapport with the company. Not to mention it will undoubtedly give you hands on experience with equipment you may not have at home (if that wasn't already obvious). Also, if the dress code is casual, don't wear shorts or flip flops or anything with a logo (other than the company's). Especially if it's a large corporate office environment (and even if you think you can "get away with it")

2. ALWAYS have something to say during round table discussions and IT meetings. Whether it's an issue you've been struggling with, a useful fix you've discovered, a news-related event concerning the OS/ applications you use, or just a general technical question, NEVER be the one in the group that has nothing to say. At the start of any meeting, just get a notepad up and jot down anything you can think of to add to the dialogue if you don't have anything already queued up in your head. Also, try to get in the habit of always having your webcam on during meetings, even if others are not doing so. Every hour of every day that you're working you are marketing not just your technical skills but yourself as well. Being more front-and-center in this respect will only make you look better to your colleagues and company in general.

3. Avoid the habit of asking others to help you without first doing the legwork to research and try what you can. This shows others that you're more than receptive to not passing the buck on the issue and happy to learn the resolution yourself if they're willing to guide you, even if it's not always feasible and does in fact needs to route to someone else.

4. Always be learning. It's ok to take breaks and have hobbies and relationships, but do your best to set aside 1-2 hours a day at most of study time. Studying objectives for a certification, jumping into virtual machine labs (once again, shoutout to ITPRO.TV ($30-$50 a month and worth every penny) and also Tryhackme (Free for basic infosec labs, $10 monthly for more advanced). It's ok if you miss a day..or two... But try your best to set a precedent for that measly 1-2 hours a day. You might be surprised where it leads you after only a few months or a year. Learn beyond what you utilize in your daily IT job duties. It will help you bridge gaps and give you something very important in this field: leverage. Leverage to justify to your boss more money, more responsibilities, maybe even a promotion to a higher-tier role. Your ultimate goal should be to become UNEXPENDABLE. These extracurricular studies over time, while certain others stay stagnant in their role and knowledge level, will do you a world of good.

5. Treat every single end user as if they were the CEO. Whether they're an intern, an associate, or a Sr. Director, give every single one of them the same white glove level of service. A critical-level ticket is a critical-level ticket regardless of title. Obviously there's some caveats to this, but in general these are words to live by.

6. Create a professional social media presence! Assuming you've already got a Linkedin filled up with all the professional details of your life you can possibly think of, it's time to expand further. Whether you're recording youtube videos or publishing an awesome blog like mine, this will help reinforce concepts for you as you break them down and outline what you've learned to others. Your video or blog entries don't need to be every day. They could be once a week or once every other week. Use this as a time to break from studying/labbing.

7. Make the slow days count! Don't let your guard down when a slow day finally hits. Make your presence realized even if it just means rearranging or tidying things up around the office, getting together an inventory spreadsheet, anything! Post a quick message in your group's chat just to let the team know that you're working on something when you otherwise would have been radio silent. Employers love this.